Ji'an's history as a cultural center dates back over 2,000 years. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the area developed as an administrative center along the Gan River trade route connecting central China with the southern coast.
The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was Ji'an's golden age. The region produced 1,232 jinshi (successful imperial examination candidates) during the Song, more than most provinces. Ouyang Xiu, one of China's greatest writers and historians, was born here. Wen Tianxiang, a national hero who resisted the Mongol invasion, was also a Ji'an native.
During the Ming Dynasty, Ji'an continued to produce scholars and officials. The philosopher Wang Yangming taught in the region, influencing generations of Confucian thinkers.
In modern history, the Jinggangshan area became an important site during the early 20th century. Its mountain terrain provided a strategic location, and the area's role in modern Chinese history has made it a site of national significance.